Preview Bone loss and cardiovascular disease are the most important complications of menopause. Because estrogen has been shown to prevent bone loss and also reduce fracture rates in menopausal women, the authors recommend early replacement therapy. They also examine evidence that estrogen replacement may offer these women protection from cardiovascular disease and discuss the risks of estrogen-related endometrial and breast cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1994.11945912 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Objective: The effects of sex hormones remain largely unexplored in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).
Methods: We evaluated the effects of estradiol, progesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone on human patient-derived PPGL/GEP-NET primary culture cell viability (n = 38/n = 12), performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical hormone receptor analysis in patient-derived PPGL tumor tissues (n = 36).
Results: In PPGLs, estradiol and progesterone (1 µm) demonstrated overall significant antitumor effects with the strongest efficacy in PPGLs with NF1 (cluster 2) pathogenic variants.
Estrogens are key hormones that play a vital role in the physiology of the reproductive system in women. However, their therapeutic use in hormonal treatment, contraception, and the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases may be associated with a number of side effects, especially on the liver. This article focuses on the mechanisms of action of estrogens and their potential hepatotoxic effects, as well as risk factors and possible differences between representatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Hop extracts containing prenylated polyphenols such as 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and its precursor isoxanthohumol (iXN) are popular among women seeking natural alternatives to hormone therapy for postmenopausal symptoms. Due to structural similarities with estrogens, these compounds act as estrogen receptor agonists. Especially 8-PN, described as the most potent phytoestrogen known to date, poses a potential risk for endocrine disruption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V.Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Menopause leads to a decline in estrogen levels, resulting in significant metabolic alterations that increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome-a cluster of conditions including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Traditional interventions such as hormone replacement therapy carry potential adverse effects, and lifestyle modifications alone may not suffice for all women. This review explores the potential role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide, in managing metabolic syndrome during the postmenopausal period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
November 2024
Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Las Lagunillas University Campus, 23009 Jaen, Spain.
Sex differences in brain metabolism and their relationship to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's are an important emerging topic in neuroscience. Intrinsic anatomic and metabolic differences related to male and female physiology have been described, underscoring the importance of considering biological sex in studying brain metabolism and associated pathologies. The hippocampus is a key structure exhibiting sex differences in volume and connectivity.
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