Reduction of red CpTiCl (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) with zinc dust in acetonitrile produces a blue solution of [CpTi(NCMe)], which when exposed to air rapidly discolors to bright yellow. This behavior makes the blue solution a handy visual indicator for the presence of oxygen, but the chemistry is considerably more complicated than the primary colors suggest at first glance. Real-time mass spectrometric and colorimetric analysis reveals that oxidation from Ti(III) to Ti(IV) produces a host of oxygen-containing complexes, whose appearance parallels the observed color changes.
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