Characterization of the human gut microbiota has caused a paradigm shift in modern biomedical research. Maintenance of gut microbiota depends on mutual microbe-host interactions, which when disturbed can lead to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated with a variety of autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Studies attempt to define bacterial compositional changes, immunity responses or molecular patterns associated with specific diseases. The immense research in the human microbiota may lead to novel therapeutic strategies by development of commensal microbe products in management of diseases.
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Year in Review: Novel Insights in the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis - SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting Proceedings.
Curr Rheumatol Rep
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Purpose Of Review: The canonical pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves inflammation driven by HLA-B27, type 3 immunity, and gut microbial dysregulation. This review based on information presented at the SPARTAN meeting highlights studies on the pathogenesis of SpA from the past year, focusing on emerging mechanisms such as the roles of microbe-derived metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines in plasma exosomes, specific T cell subsets, and neutrophils.
Recent Findings: The induction of arthritis in a preclinical model through microbiota-driven alterations in tryptophan catabolism provides new insights as to how intestinal dysbiosis may activate disease via the gut-joint axis.
Distinct microbes, metabolites, and the host genome define the multi-omics profiles in right-sided and left-sided colon cancer.
Microbiome
December 2024
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Background: Studies have reported clinical heterogeneity between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC). However, none of these studies used multi-omics analysis combining genetic regulation, microbiota, and metabolites to explain the site-specific difference.
Methods: Here, 494 participants from a 16S rRNA gene sequencing cohort (50 RCC, 114 LCC, and 100 healthy controls) and a multi-omics cohort (63 RCC, 79 LCC, and 88 healthy controls) were analyzed.
Indole derivatives and their associated microbial genera are associated with the 1-year changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in Chinese adults.
Nutr J
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Background: Although emerging evidence suggests that indole derivatives, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may improve cardiometabolic health, the effective metabolites remain unclear. Also, the gut microbiota that involved in producing indole derivatives are less studied. We identified microbial taxa that can predict serum concentrations of the key indole metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) at population level and investigated the associations of indole derivatives and IPA-predicting microbial genera with cardiometabolic risk markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects.
BMC Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.365 Renming East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
Background: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. This study explores the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the gut microbiota in UC and assesses changes during vedolizumab treatment, investigating prophylactic anti-tuberculosis therapy.
Results: This cohort study included adult patients with UC receiving vedolizumab treatment at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University from April 2021 to December 2022.
Assessment of the safety and gut microbiota modulation ability of an infant formula containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CP-9 or Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and the effects of the formula on infant growth outcomes: insights from a four-month clinical study in infants under two months old.
BMC Pediatr
December 2024
Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan City, Taiwan.
Background: Breast milk is a natural treasure for infants, and its microbiota contains a rich array of bacterial species. When breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula with probiotics can be used as a sole source or as a breast milk supplement. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the growth outcomes and tolerance of infants consuming an infant formula containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.
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