Higher serotonin transporter availability in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder patients undergoing escitalopram treatment: A [ C]DASB PET study.

Objective: Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (EOCD) and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (LOCD) are distinct subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD patients are treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but the difference in serotonin transporter (SERT) availability between medicated EOCD and LOCD is unexplored yet.

Methods: Six EOCD and 6 LOCD patients were enrolled. They underwent serial [ C]DASB positron emission tomography scans during maintenance therapy with escitalopram, and their plasma concentration of escitalopram was measured simultaneously with the scan. Then, the drug-free binding potential of SERT was calculated by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling.

Results: In comparison with LOCD patients, SERT availability was significantly higher in the putamen of EOCD patients (U = 4, p = .026), but not in the caudate nucleus (U = 14, p = .589), thalamus (U = 16, p = .818), and dorsal raphe nucleus (U = 7, p = .093). Binding potential of putamen showed a negative correlation (r = -.580, p = .048) with age of onset of the disease, but not with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that the earlier the age of onset of OCD, the less serotonergic pathology there is and that this difference remains even after long-term serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Clinically, it might suggest that nonserotonergic treatments would be a better option for EOCD patients.