Up-regulation of chemokine CXCL13 in systemic candidiasis.

Candida albicans is the leading cause of healthcare associated bloodstream infections. Chemokine CXCL13 is well-known involved in inflammation, but its role in candidemia has not been assessed. Our study firstly demonstrated that serum CXCL13 levels were significantly elevated in candidemic patients compared with bacteremic patients and control subjects by ELISA, and CXCL13 concentrations were positively and significantly correlated with clinical Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores and several laboratory parameters in patients. Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed the diagnostic efficiency of CXCL13 was superior to CRP and PCT. To further study the role of CXCL13, a mouse model was established. Importantly, the data showed the dramatically elevated levels of CXCL13 in mice serum and infected kidney, were significantly correlated with renal fungal burden and pathology scores. In conclusion, our results indicated that CXCL13 had strong potential as a novel biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis for candidemia.