C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of proteins that contain characteristic modules of carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) and they possess the binding activity to ligands in a calcium-dependent manner. CTLs play important roles in animal immune responses, and in insects, they are involved in opsonization, nodule formation, agglutination, encapsulation, melanization, and prophenoloxidase activation, as well as in maintaining gut microbiome homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize insect CTLs, compare the properties of insect CTLs with vertebrate CTLs, and focus mainly on the domain organization and functions of insect CTLs in innate immunity.
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C-Type Lectin S Group TcCTL4 Participates in the Immunity of Tribolium castaneum.
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C-type lectin S (CTL-S) plays a crucial role in pathogen recognition and the activation of immune response. In comparison, the proportion of CTL-S was relatively high in insects, but the study was much smaller than the proportion observed. In this study, we cloned and characterized one CTL-S, TcCTL4, from Tribolium castaneum.
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College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China. Electronic address:
C-type lectins (CTLs), as a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), have been reported to be involved in bacterial infection, but the role of CTLs in development has been poorly understood in insects. The orthologues of Tribolium castaneum CTL9 (TcCTL9) have been identified among insects, but its functions were currently unclear. Therefore, we performed functional analysis of TcCTL9 in this study.
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