Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a significant adverse side effect of gentamicin. Previous preclinical studies showed that hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) may have beneficial effects by attenuating renal damage in rats subjected to renal injury. We evaluated the effect of HBOT on acute renal failure caused by gentamicin.

Methods: Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups. Gentamicin (150 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days) was administered in 30 rats, 10 rats received only gentamicin, 10 rats received 100% oxygen therapy on days 1-5 of the experiment, 10 received daily HBOT on days 1-5 of the experiment, and the remaining six served as a control group. On day 6, renal function tests and renal pathological examinations were performed.

Results: Body weight and biochemical parameters were similar in all groups except for higher plasma levels of calcium in the 100% oxygen group (P = 0.03). All the rats in the experimental group showed biochemical parameters compatible with renal failure (high serum levels of urea and creatinine). All the rats in the control group had normal renal function tests. Two rats from the HBOT group died on the fifth day of the experiment. All rats in the control group demonstrated normal renal morphology. All 28 intoxicated rats showed moderate to severe histopathological changes without significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions: Treatment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity with either HBOT or 100% oxygen for 5 days had no beneficial renal effect. Mortality was observed only in the HBOT group.