Estrogens are produced in large amounts during pregnancy, as a result of a tightly regulated cooperation between the maternal and fetal adrenal cortex, which produce androgen precursors, and the placental villous trophoblast, which transforms these precursors into estrogens. These estrogens play an important role in proper placental function, in adaptation of the mother to pregnancy, as well as in adequate fetal development. Disruption of estrogen production is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and fetal malformation or altered fetal programming. Pregnant women may be exposed to endocrine disruptors from environmental sources or medications, and it is crucial to study the effects of such compounds on feto-placental steroidogenesis. The H295R/BeWo co-culture model offers the opportunity to study these interactions, by making it possible to evaluate the effects of chemical exposures on androgen and estrogen biosynthesis, as well as on various other aspects of feto-placental communication.
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