The gradient index (GRIN) model is the most accurate way to represent the eye lens which, because of its growth mode, is a lamellar, shell-like structure. The GRIN is thought to provide optical properties that counteract age-related changes in curvature that would otherwise create an increasingly myopic eye: the so-called lens paradox. This article investigates how fine-tuning the refractive index and the internal curvatures of the lenticular indicial contours may prevent the ageing eye from becoming myopic. A system matrix approach is applied for analysis of a shell model with 200 shells to obtain the paraxial characteristics of the eye model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.8.004827 | DOI Listing |
FASEB J
March 2025
Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve damage, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors crucial for neuroprotection, as they regulate gene expression to promote neuronal survival via several biochemical networks and reduce neuroinflammation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), an endogenous retinoid RXR agonist, in mitigating RGC degeneration in a high-IOP-induced experimental model of glaucoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistol Histopathol
February 2025
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are well-characterized regulators of retinal development. Wnt signaling also promotes neuroprotection and regeneration in adult tissues, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regrowth after optic nerve injury. However, it is unknown whether Wnt-dependent neuroprotection after injury in the adult CNS is associated with altered expression of developmental genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Econ
March 2025
Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of faricimab versus other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) in Japan, while considering societal burden associated with treatment.MethodsA Markov model for cost-effectiveness analysis of anti-VEGF treatment in patients with nAMD and DME was applied based on cost and utility value data from Japan. Faricimab administered through a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen was compared with ranibizumab administered pro re nata (PRN) and T&E, aflibercept T&E, brolucizumab T&E, and best supportive care (BSC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTechnol Health Care
December 2024
Institute of Ophthalmology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, China.
BackgroundPrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible eye disease. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent optic nerve damage.ObjectiveThis study explored POAG gene markers to identify high-risk groups at an early stage and to find new effective therapeutic targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sleep Res
March 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a primary sleep disorder strongly associated with Parkinson's disease. Assessing sleep structure in RBD is important for understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing diagnostic methods. However, the performance of automated sleep stage classification (ASSC) models is considered suboptimal in RBD, for both models utilising neurological signals ("ExG": EEG, EOG, and chin EMG) and heart rate variability combined with body movements (HRVm).
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