Microbes and humans have been closely associated throughout evolution; this symbiotic and/or commensal relationship is crucial for normal development and health. The use of probiotics has been the topic of intense investigation in the past couple of decades because they have the capability to promote health. Based on these studies, it can be debated whether they are being used to promote overall health or to treat and prevent diseases. This review provides an overview and analysis of evidence about what is currently known about the health benefits of these agents that are marketed for use in children and neonates.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2017.08.006 | DOI Listing |
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Palmitate potentiates the SMAD3-PAI-1 pathway by reducing nuclear GDF15 levels.
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Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Unitat de Farmacologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
Nuclear growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) reduces the binding of the mothers' against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) complex to its DNA-binding elements. However, the stimuli that control this process are unknown. Here, we examined whether saturated fatty acids (FA), particularly palmitate, regulate nuclear GDF15 levels and the activation of the SMAD3 pathway in human skeletal myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle, where most insulin-stimulated glucose use occurs in the whole organism.
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Arch Microbiol
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Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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National Engineering Research Center of Green Feeds and Healthy Livestock Industry, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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J Midwifery Womens Health
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Henrietta Szold School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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