Limbic encephalitis associated with anti-LGI1 antibody (LGI1 encephalitis) presents with a variety of features, the most prominent of which include seizures and progressive disturbance of memory and behaviour. Although varied in semiology, recognition of the pattern of seizures in LGI1 encephalitis is important, as early diagnosis and definitive treatment may prevent subsequent development of cognitive impairment. We present a patient with LGI1 encephalitis and "faciobrachial dystonic seizures-plus", which began as classic faciobrachial dystonic seizures and progressed to focal seizures with impaired awareness, dacrystic/gelastic-like outbursts, ictal speech, manual automatisms, and autonomic signs (tachycardia). Recognition of the broad range of seizure types associated with LGI1 encephalitis is crucial for early diagnosis and definitive treatment. [Published with video sequence on www.epilepticdisorders.com].
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/epd.2017.0936 | DOI Listing |
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Background: Data regarding long-term recovery from autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remain limited.
Methods: This retrospective observational study investigated outcomes in 182 patients who met the 2016 criteria for definite AE. Recovery data were available in 172 patients.
Neurol Sci
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
The Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors can ameliorate autoimmune conditions such as myasthenia gravis through a rapid and specific clearance of serum IgG levels, and they also have potential for future use in a wider variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Some patients with therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis (AE) continue to be unresponsive to initial and secondary treatment regimens. A 32-year-old male presented with predominant psychiatric symptoms and seizures, along with imaging evidence indicating multifocal cerebral cortical involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Radiol
January 2025
R Madhavan Nayar Center for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Background: The role of imaging in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) remains unclear, and there are limited data on the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose, treat, or prognosticate AIE.
Purpose: To evaluate whether MRI is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for AIE and assess its efficacy in distinguishing between various AIE subtypes.
Material And Methods: We analyzed data from 96 AIE patients from our prospective autoimmune registry.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 510180, People's Republic of China.
Background: Mitochondrial damage is significant in autoimmune diseases, with mitochondrial N-formyl methionine peptide (fMet) being released from damaged mitochondria. However, its potential as a marker for assessing the severity of two kinds of encephalitis - anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) and anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) - remains uncertain. We measured CSF fMet levels in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-LG1 encephalitis patients, assessing its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Inflamm Res
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, People's Republic of China.
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate clinical factors associated with encephalitis relapse and chronic epilepsy development, and to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy on encephalitis relapse.
Methods: Patients with autoimmune encephalitis diagnosed as positive for neuronal surface antibodies in five general hospitals were included. A minimum 12-month follow-up period was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of encephalitis relapse and chronic epilepsy development.
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