The 5-nitroimidazole drug metronidazole has remained the drug of choice in the treatment of anaerobic infections, parasitic as well as bacterial, ever since its development in 1959. In contrast to most other antimicrobials, it has a pleiotropic mode of action and reacts with a large number of molecules. Importantly, metronidazole, which is strictly speaking a prodrug, needs to be reduced at its nitro group in order to become toxic. Reduction of metronidazole, however, only takes place under very low concentrations of oxygen, explaining why metronidazole is exclusively toxic to microaerophilic and anaerobic microorganisms. In general, resistance rates amongst the pathogens treated with metronidazole have remained low until the present day. Nevertheless, metronidazole resistance does occur, and for the treatment of some pathogens, especially Helicobacter pylori, metronidazole has become almost useless in some parts of the world. This review will give an account on the current status of research on metronidazole's mode of action, metronidazole resistance in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and on other 5-nitroimidazoles in use.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182017002025 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
N-Doped Carbon Nanodots as Temperature Sensors and Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Tinidazole in Milk.
J Fluoresc
January 2025
School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N-CDs) with temperature and fluorescence sensing were prepared via hydrothermal method using L-lysine and ethylenediamine as precursors. The synthesized N-CDs exhibited spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 2.8 to 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy on the efficacy of fractional CO laser treatment for vaginal relaxation syndrome combined with recurrent bacterial vaginitis.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Gynecology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, China.
To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of fractional CO2 laser treatment for Vaginal Relaxation Syndrome (VRS) combined with recurrent bacterial vaginitis. Patients with VRS and recurrent bacterial vaginitis were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) receiving fractional CO2 laser therapy in addition to metronidazole, or a control group (n = 60) receiving metronidazole alone. Post-treatment assessments included vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHI) scores, lactobacilli distribution, vaginal pH, recurrence rates, and the correlation between lactobacilli distribution and VHI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo considerate perforation of duodenal diverticula.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig
January 2025
Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, España.
The duodenal diverticulum is a relatively frequent entity whose diagnosis has been increased over time with the development of new diagnostic and exploratory techniques. Periampullary diverticula (PAD) were classified as type 1, 2, or 3 according to the position of the major papilla from the endoscopic view: type 1, the major papilla was located inside of the diverticula; type 2, the major papilla was located at the edge of the diverticula; type 3, the major papilla was located outside of the diverticula. Complications of duodenal diverticula include ulceration, bleeding, perforation and inflammation with intestinal obstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncidence of surgical infection in cefazolin 3 g versus 2 g for colorectal surgery in obese patients.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy Services, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Objective: To compare the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) between cefazolin 3 g and 2 g surgical prophylaxis in patients weighing ≥120 kg that undergo elective colorectal surgery.
Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing a validated database of elective colorectal surgeries in Michigan acute care hospitals. Adults weighing ≥120 kg who received cefazolin and metronidazole for surgical prophylaxis between 7/2012 and 6/2021 were included.
Metronidazole-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Failure.
Cureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA.
Metronidazole is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that is associated with 0.16% 100-day incidence rates for peripheral neuropathy. In this report, we present an interesting and rare presentation of peripheral neuropathy secondary to metronidazole use for bacteremia and sepsis in a patient with end-stage renal failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!