Cells display different morphologies and complex anatomical relationships. How do cells interact with their neighbors? Do the interactions differ between cell types or even within a given type? What kinds of spatial rules do they follow? The answers to such fundamental questions in vivo have been hampered so far by a lack of tools for high resolution single cell labeling. Here, a detailed protocol to target single cells with a MultiColor FlpOut (MCFO) technique is provided. This method relies on three differently tagged reporters (HA, FLAG and V5) under UAS control that are kept silent by a transcriptional terminator flanked by two FRT sites (FRT-stop-FRT). A heat shock pulse induces the expression of a heat shock-induced Flp recombinase, which randomly removes the FRT-stop-FRT cassettes in individual cells: expression occurs only in cells that also express a GAL4 driver. This leads to an array of differently colored cells of a given cell type that allows the visualization of individual cell morphologies at high resolution. As an example, the MCFO technique can be combined with specific glial GAL4 drivers to visualize the morphologies of the different glial subtypes in the adult Drosophila brain.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755168 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/56177 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Development of respiratory motion-resolved hepatobiliary phase cine-magnetic resonance imaging for stereotactic body radiotherapy in liver tumor.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Cine-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to track respiratory-induced motion of the liver and tumor and assist in the accurate delineation of tumor volume. Recent developments in compressed sensitivity encoding (SENSE; CS) have accelerated temporal resolution while maintaining contrast resolution. This study aimed to develop and assess hepatobiliary phase (HBP) cine-MRI scans using CS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEEG-based emotion recognition using multi-scale dynamic CNN and gated transformer.
Sci Rep
December 2024
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434100, Hubei, China.
Emotions play a crucial role in human thoughts, cognitive processes, and decision-making. EEG has become a widely utilized tool in emotion recognition due to its high temporal resolution, real-time monitoring capabilities, portability, and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end emotion recognition method from EEG signals, called MSDCGTNet, which is based on the Multi-Scale Dynamic 1D CNN and the Gated Transformer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncovering metabolic dysregulation in schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder through untargeted plasma lipidomics.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
Cannabis use disorder affects up to 42% of individuals with schizophrenia, correlating with earlier onset, increased positive symptoms, and more frequent hospitalizations. This study employed an untargeted lipidomics approach to identify biomarkers in plasma samples from subjects with schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, or both (dual diagnosis), aiming to elucidate the metabolic underpinnings of cannabis abuse and schizophrenia development. The use of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry enabled the annotation of 119 metabolites, with the highest identification confidence level achieved for 16 compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comparative study of several enhanced energy operators for vibration exciter bearing fault diagnosis.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Xi'an Key Laboratory of Wellbore Integrity Evaluation, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China.
Rolling bearings of the vibration exciter are prone to failure due to long-term high amplitude alternating impact loads, causing economic losses and threatening production safety. The heavy environmental noise during the operation of the vibration exciter and the high vibration level generated by the eccentric block make the weak bearing fault features submerged and difficult to extract. Teager-Kaiser energy operator is a popular method for extracting bearing fault features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong time series of velocity profiles collected by up-looking acoustic profilers in the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar show an unexpected pattern in the deepest ∼80 m of the water column, consisting in an appreciable diurnal weakening of the measured horizontal velocity. A harmonic analysis performed on long time series reveals a surprising magnitude of S constituent (exactly 1 cpd of frequency) in the horizontal velocity and echo amplitude, which prevails over the rest of diurnal constituents within this depth range, including K, despite being around 200 times smaller than it in the tide generating potential. High resolution echograms collected by a new instrument recently installed in the mooring line, point at the diel vertical migration of living acoustic scatterers (zooplankton) as the most reasonable cause.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!