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Deciphering a Prodrome: Looking for a Disease in a Haystack.
Neurology
December 2023
From the Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Public Health (R.P.), University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy.
In many chronic diseases, the underlying biological processes begin long before the condition is clinically recognized and diagnosed. After biologic onset of the disease an early, often nonspecific, set of symptoms, or prodrome, may develop before more characteristic symptoms of the disease present. For instance, in Parkinson disease (PD), some of the earliest manifestations, such as smell or taste dysfunction, may occur 2 decades before typical symptoms, such as tremor, appear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA needle in the haystack: An unusual case presentation of ganglioneuroblastoma at a tertiary care center in Coastal Karnataka.
Clin Case Rep
November 2023
Department of Pathology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India.
Key Clinical Message: This case report highlights the importance of recognizing and accurately diagnosing ganglioneuroblastoma, an uncommon variant of neuroblastic tumors in children. Ganglioneuroblastomas have diverse clinical and morphological presentations, and histopathological examination is paramount in guiding treatment decisions, especially in cases with ambiguous symptoms. Early detection is crucial, as the prognosis varies significantly based on the subtype and the presence of metastatic disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeedle in a haystack or elephant in the room? Identifying germline predisposition syndromes in the setting of a new myeloid malignancy diagnosis.
Leukemia
August 2023
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Myeloid malignancies associated with germline predisposition syndromes account for up to 10% of myeloid neoplasms. They are classified into three categories by the proposed 5 Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors: (1) neoplasms with germline predisposition without a pre-existing platelet disorder or organ dysfunction, (2) neoplasms with germline predisposition and pre-existing platelet disorder, or (3) neoplasms with germline predisposition and potential organ dysfunction. Recognizing these entities is critical because patients and affected family members benefit from interfacing with hematologists who specialize in these disorders and can facilitate tailored treatment strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmagnetic resonance spectroscopy of lactate as a non-invasive biomarker of dichloroacetate activity in cancer and non-cancer central nervous system disorders.
Front Oncol
March 2023
Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
The adverse effects of lactic acidosis in the cancer microenvironment have been increasingly recognized. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an orally bioavailable, blood brain barrier penetrable drug that has been extensively studied in the treatment of mitochondrial neurologic conditions to reduce lactate production. Due to its effect reversing aerobic glycolysis (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key "Blueprint" for Reprogramming Phage Host Range.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2022
Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
Bacteriophages (phages), as natural antibacterial agents, are being rediscovered because of the growing threat of multi- and pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens globally. However, with an estimated 10 phages on the planet, finding the right phage to recognize a specific bacterial host is like looking for a needle in a trillion haystacks. The host range of a phage is primarily determined by phage tail fibers (or spikes), which initially mediate reversible and specific recognition and adsorption by susceptible bacteria.
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