Comparative efficacy of hemorrhage control of a novel mesoporous bioactive glass versus two commercial hemostats.

Mesoporous bioactive glass containing 1% GaO (1%Ga-MBG) is attractive for hemorrhage control because of its surface chemistry which can promote blood-clotting. The present study compares this proprietary inorganic coagulation accelerator with two commercial hemostats, Celox (CX) and QuikClot Advanced Clotting Sponge Plus (ACS). The results indicate that the number of adherent platelets were higher on the 1%Ga-MBG and CX surfaces than ACS whereas a greater contact activation was seen on 1%Ga-MBG and ACS surfaces than CX. 1%Ga-MBG not only resulted in larger platelet aggregates and more extensive platelet pseudopodia compared to CX and ACS but also significantly accelerated the intrinsic pathways of the clotting cascade. In vitro thrombin generation assays also showed that CX and ACS induced low levels of thrombin formation while 1%Ga-MBG had significantly higher values. 1%Ga-MBG formed a larger red blood cell aggregate than both CX and ACS. Direct exposure of 1%Ga-MBG to fibroblast cells increased cell viability after 3 days relative to CX and ACS, inferring excellent cytocompatibility. The results of this study promote 1%Ga-MBG as a promising hemostat compared to the commercially available products as it possesses essential factors required for coagulation activation.