Background: Histological assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in animals is tedious, time-consuming and challenging for three-dimensional analysis.
New Method: The present study reports on how and to what extent micro computed tomography of paraffin-embedded samples can provide a reliable three-dimensional approach for quantitative analysis of peripheral nerves.
Results: Rat sciatic nerves were harvested, formalin-fixated, positioned into nerve conduits (NC), paraffin-embedded, and imaged using a laboratory-based X-ray microtomography system with an isotropic voxel length of 4μm. Suitable quantitative measures were identified and automatically evaluated, i.e. nerve length, cross-sectional area and volume, as well as vascular structures, to be used as an assessment and comparison indicator of regeneration quality.
Comparison With Existing Methods: Compared to imaging using contrast agents, the investigated specimens can subsequently undergo the conventional histological analysis without requiring additional preparation steps. Contrast and spatial resolution are also increased significantly.
Conclusions: We demonstrate the potential of the micro computed tomography for non-destructive monitoring of peripheral nerves inside the conduits.
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