Neuronal cells receive a variety of excitatory and inhibitory signals which they process to generate an output signal. In order to study the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory receptors with exogenously applied transmitters in the same preparation, two caging chromophores attached to glutamate and GABA were developed that were selectively photolyzed by different wavelengths of light. This technique has the advantage that the biologically inactive caged compound can be applied at equilibrium prior to the near instantaneous release of the transmitters. This method therefore mimics the kinetics of endogenously released transmitters that is otherwise not possible in brain slice preparations. Repeated photolysis with either of the two wavelengths resulted in GABA- or glutamate-induced activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors to evoke reproducible currents. With these compounds, the interaction between inhibitory and excitatory receptors was examined using whole field photolysis.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678877 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187732 | PLOS |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Chronic Pain and Comorbid Emotional Disorders: Neural Circuitry and Neuroimmunity Pathways.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only involves persistent nociception but is also frequently accompanied by significant emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which complicate its management and amplify its impact. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of chronic pain and emotional disturbances. Key areas of focus include the dysregulation of major neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate) and the resulting functional remodeling of critical neural circuits implicated in pain processing, emotional regulation, and reward.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug-Induced Myoclonus: A Systematic Review.
Medicina (Kaunas)
January 2025
Neurology Department, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
: Myoclonus is already associated with a wide variety of drugs and systemic conditions. As new components are discovered, more drugs are suspected of causing this disabling abnormal involuntary movement. This systematic review aims to assess the medications associated with drug-induced myoclonus (DIM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing High-Level Food-Grade Expression of Glutamate Decarboxylase and Its Application in the Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid.
J Microbiol Biotechnol
December 2024
School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, exhibits diverse physiological functions and finds extensive applications in food, medicine, and various industries. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) can effectively convert L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) or monosodium glutamate (MSG) into GABA. However, the low food-grade expression of GAD has hindered large-scale GABA production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlterations in Prefrontal Cortical Somatostatin Neurons in Schizophrenia: Evidence for Weaker Inhibition of Pyramidal Neuron Dendrites.
Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University. Electronic address:
Background: Certain cognitive processes require inhibition provided by the somatostatin (SST) class of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This inhibition onto pyramidal neuron dendrites depends on both SST and GABA signaling. Although SST mRNA levels are lower in the DLPFC in schizophrenia, it is not known if SST neurons exhibit alterations in the capacity to synthesize GABA, principally via the 67-kilodalton isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurodevelopmental Abnormalities in Down Syndrome: Assessing Structural and Functional Deficits.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, USA.
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic intellectual disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and presents with a variety of phenotypes. The correlation between the chromosomal abnormality and the resulting symptoms is unclear, partly due to the spectrum of impairments observed. However, it has been determined that trisomy 21 contributes to neurodegeneration and impaired neurodevelopment resulting from decreased neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!