AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in sunscreens and other personal-care products to protect against harmful effects of exposure to UV solar radiation. Little is known about the fate of UV filters in seawater swimming pools disinfected with chlorine. The present study investigated the occurrence and fate of five commonly used organic UV filters, namely dioxybenzone, oxybenzone, avobenzone, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, and octocrylene, in chlorinated seawater swimming pools. Pool samples were collected to monitor the variation of UV filter concentrations during pool opening hours. Furthermore, laboratory-controlled chlorination experiments were conducted in seawater spiked with UV filters to investigate the reactivity of UV filters. Extracts of chlorination reaction samples were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and electron-capture detection to identify the potentially formed byproducts. In the collected pool samples, all the UV filters except dioxybenzone were detected. Chlorination reactions showed that only octocrylene was stable in chlorinated seawater. The four reactive UV filters generated brominated transformation products and disinfection byproducts. This formation of brominated products resulted from reactions between the reactive UV filters and bromine, which is formed rapidly when chlorine is added to seawater. Based on the identified byproducts, the transformation pathways of the reactive UV filters were proposed for the first time. Bromoform was generated by all the reactive UV filters at different yields. Bromal hydrate was also detected as one of the byproducts generated by oxybenzone and dioxybenzone.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02624 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Anti-proliferative and photodynamic activities of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) leaf alkaloid-rich extracts against breast cancer cells.
BMC Complement Med Ther
January 2025
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
Background: Amongst all neoplastic diseases, breast cancer represents a major cause of death among the female population in developed and developing countries. Since alkaloid drugs are commonly used in chemotherapy to manage this disease, this study investigated the anti-proliferative effectiveness of alkaloid-rich fractions of Senna didymobotrya leaves only and with laser irradiation against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Method And Materials: A powdered sample of the plant leaves was extracted with 50% ethanol, filtered and their pH was adjusted with acid and base solution followed by partitioning with chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents.
Toxicity assessment of airborne ultrafine particles: Role of transport emissions.
Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Airborne quasi-ultrafine particle samples were collected from different outdoor sites in Barcelona (NE Spain, 35 samples) and the Valencia subway (about 400 km south of Barcelona, 3 samples). Locations and schedules were designed to cover cold and warm seasons and to represent the impact of different types of transport (cars, trains, ships, and planes). Extracts from PTFE filters (methanol:dichloromethane 1:2) were used to test toxic effects in human cell lines (Induction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response) and in zebrafish embryos (expression of xenobiotic response-related genes, cyp1a1, gsa1 and hao1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating visually complex environments requires focusing on relevant information while filtering out (salient) distractions. The signal suppression hypothesis posits that salient stimuli generate an automatic saliency signal that captures attention unless overridden by learned suppression mechanisms. In support of this, ERP studies have demonstrated that salient stimuli that do not capture attention elicit a distractor positivity (PD), a putative neural index of suppression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetal-organic frameworks as thermocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide generation and environmental antibacterial applications.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive, making them useful for environmental and health applications. Traditionally, photocatalysts and piezocatalysts have been used to generate ROS, but their utilization is limited by various environmental and physical constraints. This study introduces metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as modern thermocatalysts efficiently producing hydrogen peroxide (HO) from small temperature differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStability and Properties of Ultraviolet Filter Avobenzone under Its Diketo/Enol Tautomerization Induced by Molecular Encapsulation with β-Cyclodextrin.
Langmuir
January 2025
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
Inclusion complexation of the sunscreen ingredient avobenzone (AVB) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated to improve its aqueous solubility and photostability; another ultraviolet (UV) filter, oxybenzone (OXB), and the phytochemical antioxidant curcumin (CUR) served as a comparison. In this study, the 1-octanol/water partition coefficients, acid dissociation constants, phase-solubility diagrams with β-CD, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectral changes induced by UVA1 (365 nm) irradiation were evaluated. β-CD at concentrations 50-100 times that of AVB most effectively protected the photostability of AVB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!