The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia; Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:
Published: January 2018
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury leads to various acute and chronic lung diseases and thus is the dominant cause of fire-related fatalities. In a search for an effective treatment and validation of therapies different classes of animal models have been developed, which include both small and large animals. These models have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of smoke inhalation injury, enabling a better understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology and development of new therapies. However, none of the animal models fully mirrors human lungs and their pathologies. All animal models have their limitations in replicating complex clinical conditions associated with smoke inhalation injury in humans. Therefore, for a correct interpretation of the results and to avoid bias, a precise understanding of similarities and differences of lungs between different animal species and humans is critical. We have reviewed and presented comprehensive comparison of different animal models and their clinical relevance. We presented an overview of methods utilized to induce smoke inhalation injuries, airway micro-/macrostructure, advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used small and large animal models.
Background: Asthma is a global chronic respiratory disease with complex pathogenesis. While current therapies offer some relief, they often fall short in effectively managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations for numerous patients. Thus, understanding its mechanisms and discovering new drug targets remains a pressing need for better treatment.
Objective: Resistance to antiseizure medications (ASMs) is a major challenge in the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Despite numerous newly marketed ASMs, the proportion of drug-resistant people with epilepsy has not significantly decreased over the years. Therefore, novel and innovative seizure models for preclinical drug screening are highly desirable.
Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two AI models - OpenAI's GPT-4 Turbo (San Francisco, CA) and Meta's LLaMA 3.1 (Menlo Park, CA) - when answering a standardized set of pediatric radiology questions. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall accuracy of each model, while the secondary objective was to assess their performance within subsections.
Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for treating chronic diabetic wounds. However, its effectiveness is significantly limited by the high oxidative stress environment and persistent inflammation induced by diabetes. Strategies to overcome these challenges are essential to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy.
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and life-threatening condition. Recent research has demonstrated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of PH. The composition of these exosomes is often substantially influenced by the characteristics of their parental cells.
