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Life history variables including the timing of locomotor independence, along with changes in preferred locomotor behaviors and substrate use during development, influence how primates use their feet throughout ontogeny. Changes in foot function during development, in particular the nature of how the hallux is used in grasping, can lead to different structural changes in foot bones. To test this hypothesis, metatarsal midshaft rigidity [estimated from the polar second moment of area (J) scaled to bone length] and cross-sectional shape (calculated from the ratio of maximum and minimum second moments of area, I /I ) were examined in a cross-sectional ontogenetic sample of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; n = 73) and common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; n = 79). Results show the hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) is relatively more rigid (with higher scaled J-values) in younger chimpanzees and macaques, with significant decreases in relative rigidity in both taxa until the age of achieving locomotor independence. Within each age group, Mt1 rigidity is always significantly higher in chimpanzees than macaques. When compared with the lateral metatarsals (Mt2-5), the Mt1 is relatively more rigid in both taxa and across all ages; however, this difference is significantly greater in chimpanzees. Length and J scale with negative allometry in all metatarsals and in both species (except the Mt2 of chimpanzees, which scales with positive allometry). Only in macaques does Mt1 midshaft shape significantly change across ontogeny, with older individuals having more elliptical cross-sections. Different patterns of development in metatarsal diaphyseal rigidity and shape likely reflect the different ways in which the foot, and in particular the hallux, functions across ontogeny in apes and monkeys.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12720 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Orthop Trauma
March 2024
The Grange University Hospital, Cwmbran, United Kingdom.
Anat Rec (Hoboken)
July 2024
Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
This study provides a complete, updated and illustrated inventory, as well as a comprehensive study, of the metatarsals and foot phalanges (forefoot) recovered from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH, Atapuerca, Spain) in comparison to other Homo comparative samples, both extant and fossils. This current updated review has established a minimum number of individuals (MNI) of 17, which represent 58.6% of the 29 dental individuals identified within the SH sample.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoot (Edinb)
December 2023
Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine, 6000 Rockside Woods Blvd, Independence, OH 44131, USA. Electronic address:
J Pediatr Orthop
October 2023
1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.
Introduction: Juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) is a pediatric deformity characterized by the varus deviation of the first metatarsal and valgus deviation of the proximal phalanx. Among the several surgical techniques available, hemiepiphysiodesis consists of the unilateral growth arrest of the first metatarsal physis. Despite this technique has been proposed over 70 years ago, only a few studies including clinical and radiological outcomes have been published, making the procedure unclear in terms of results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoot Ankle Int
February 2023
Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Background: Recurrence is one of the most common complications following hallux valgus surgery. Moreover, hallux varus occurs in cases of overcorrection. We aimed to quantitatively measure, using radiographic examination, the dynamics of the soft tissues that act on deformities (recurrence of valgus and occurrence of varus) after the surgery.
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