In this article we discuss the clinical aspects of the examination of fitness to drive. The medical history and clinical examination are an essential first step in this assessment. This should be done in a systematic way and enable to highlight the potential « red flags », in other words medical conditions and the use of drugs increasing the risk of accidents. Investigations are sometimes necessary to define the severity of the disease before deciding whether it permits, or if it contraindicates driving. In recent years, there have been a number of recommendations from Swiss medical societies in collaboration with experts in traffic specialized physicians who are a valuable assistance for the practitioner and whose aim is to standardize medical care throughout the country.
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Nature
January 2025
Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Oncogenic mutations that drive colorectal cancer can be present in healthy intestines for long periods without overt consequence. Mutation of Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc), the most common initiating event in conventional adenomas, activates Wnt signalling, hence conferring fitness on mutant intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Apc mutations may occur in ISCs that arose by routine self-renewal or by dedifferentiation of their progeny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Section of Legal Medicine, Social Security and Forensic Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Drugged driving is associated with an increased risk of road accidents worldwide. In Italy, driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and drugs is a reason for driving disqualification or revocation of the driving license. Drivers charged with driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs must attend a Local Medical Commission (LMC) to undergo mandatory examinations to regain the suspended license.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ecol
January 2025
ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Plant microbiomes have a major influence on forest structure and functions, as well as tree fitness and evolution. However, a comprehensive understanding of variations in fungi along the soil-plant continuum, particularly within tree seedlings, under global warming is lacking. Here, we investigated the dynamics of fungal communities across different compartments (including bulk soil and rhizosphere soil) and plant organs (including the endosphere of roots, stems and leaves) of Schima superba seedlings exposed to experimental warming and drought using AccuITS absolute quantitative sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Members of the gut microbiome encounter a barrage of host- and microbe-derived microbiocidal factors that must be overcome to maintain fitness in the intestine. The long-term stability of many gut microbiome strains within the microbiome suggests the existence of strain-specific strategies that have evolved to foster resilience to such insults. Despite this, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Clin Cancer Res
January 2025
School of Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nankai University, Beijing, China.
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits a cellular hierarchy with a subpopulation of stem-like cells known as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that drive tumor growth and contribute to treatment resistance. NAD(H) emerges as a crucial factor influencing GSC maintenance through its involvement in diverse biological processes, including mitochondrial fitness and DNA damage repair. However, how GSCs leverage metabolic adaptation to obtain survival advantage remains elusive.
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