A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, curved rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated S1-2-4, was isolated from soil in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea, and was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain S1-2-4 was a member of the family Cytophagaceae and most closely related to 'Spirosoma radiotolerans' DG5A (97.2%), Spirosoma fluviale MSd3 (96.4%), and Spirosoma linguale DSM 74 (96.3%). The genomic DNA G + C content of strain S1-2-4 was 49.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C ω7c/C ω6c), C ω5c, and C, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain S1-2-4 with the genus Spirosoma. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain S1-2-4 and 'Spirosoma radiotolerans' showed relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness (31%). Strain S1-2-4 could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbors based on its phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain S1-2-4 represents a novel member of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma lituiforme sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-2-4 (= KCTC 52724 = JCM 32128).
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