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Clinical Perspectives on the Pathophysiology of Facial Synkinesis: A Narrative Review.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Importance: Facial synkinesis refers to pathologic cocontraction and baseline hypertonicity of muscles innervated by the facial nerve, commonly attributed to the aberrant regeneration of nerve fibers following injury. The pathomechanism and optimal treatment of facial synkinesis remain unclear. The goal of this review is to highlight current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and treatment of facial synkinesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetinal Müller Cell-Released Exosomal MiR-92a-3p Delivers Interleukin-17A Signal by Targeting Notch-1 to Promote Diabetic Retinopathy.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Purpose: Inflammatory processes have been involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Interleukin (IL)-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with DR occurrence and development. However, mechanisms underlying the IL-17A impact on DR need further investigations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Penetrable AAV2 Capsid Variant for Efficient Intravitreal Gene Delivery to the Retina.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify a novel recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) capsid variant that can widely transfect the deep retina through intravitreal injection and to assess their effectiveness and safety in gene delivery.
Methods: By adopting the sequences of various cell-penetrating peptides and inserting them into the capsid modification region of AAV2, we generated several novel variants. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-carrying variants were screened following intravitreal injection.
Investigating the Functions of Hox Genes Using Planarian Asexual Reproduction.
Methods Mol Biol
January 2025
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Hox genes are highly conserved developmental regulators instrumental to the formation of a wide range of diverse body plans across metazoans. While significant progress in the field of Hox gene research has been made, persistent challenges in unraveling their mechanisms of action and full repertoire of functions remain. To date, investigations of Hox gene function have been primarily conducted in research models belonging to ecdysozoa and vertebrata.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Focal Traumatic Injury to the Neonatal Rodent Spinal Cord Causes an Immediate and Massive Spreading Depolarization Sustained by Chloride Ions, with Transient Network Dysfunction.
Cell Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste, TS, Italy.
In clinics, physical injuries to the spinal cord cause a temporary motor areflexia below lesion, known as spinal shock. This topic is still underexplored due to the lack of preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) models that do not use anesthesia, which would affect spinal excitability. Our innovative design considered a custom-made micro impactor that provides localized and calibrated strikes to the ventral surface of the thoracic spinal cord of the entire CNS isolated from neonatal rats.
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