AI Article Synopsis
- The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for various cellular processes, including protein degradation and DNA repair, and consists of several key components like ubiquitin and proteasomes.
- Recent research indicates that UPS plays a significant role in spermatogenesis by aiding in DNA repair through the modification of repair enzymes and supporting chromosome stability.
- This involvement of UPS helps safeguard sperm DNA, which is particularly susceptible to damage during processes like chromosome association and homologous recombination.
Article Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a proteasome system widely present in the human body, which is composed of ubiquitin (Ub), ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2), ubiquitin protein ligases (E3), 26S proteasome, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and involved in cell cycle regulation, immune response, signal transduction, DNA repair as well as protein degradation. Sperm DNA is vulnerable to interference or damage in the progression of chromosome association and homologous recombination. Recent studies show that UPS participates in DNA repair in spermatogenesis by modulating DNA repair enzymes via ubiquitination, assisting in the identification of DNA damage sites, raising damage repair-related proteins, initiating the DNA repair pathway, maintaining chromosome stability, and ensuring the normal process of spermatogenesis.
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