Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease accompanied with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease can still be made only on the stage of irreversible and nearly total degeneration of the nigrostriatum dopaminergic system and exhaustion of brain compensatory mechanisms that explains the low efficacy of therapy. Ophthalmic pathology is one of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This can be explained firstly by the fact that eye is a 'peripheral part of brain' and secondly by the involvement of dopaminergic neurons (dopamine-producing cells) that are subject to the selective degeneration during Parkinson's disease in the regulation of visual function in the eye and brain. Dopaminergic neurons and dopamine receptors are present in all structures of the eye. Parkinson's disease cause abnormalities not only in the retina but in the whole optic tract and can be considered as peripheral manifestations of the disease that precede the well-known motor dysfunctions. This review describes ophthalmological symptoms of Parkinson's disease, possible pathophysiological mechanisms of their development, optical disorders in experimental models of Parkinson's disease and also the perspectives of experimental and clinical studies of visual disorders for the development of preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201711791124-131 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a walking disturbance that can lead to postural instability, falling, and decreased mobility in people with Parkinson's disease. This research used machine learning to predict and detect FOG episodes from plantar-pressure data and compared the performance of decision tree ensemble classifiers when trained on three different datasets. Dataset 1 ( = 11) was collected in a previous study.
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December 2024
Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
Virtual reality (VR) has been used in research and clinical practice in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially enhancing physiotherapy. Adverse events (AEs) associated with VR applications in PD have been poorly explored. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare two 12-week interventions using physiotherapy and immersive VR, and analyzed the frequency and type of AEs occurring in 30 people with PD.
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December 2024
Faculty of Computer Science, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, 86 Koszykowa Street, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are debilitating conditions that affect millions worldwide, and the number of cases is expected to rise significantly in the coming years. Because early detection is crucial for effective intervention strategies, this study investigates whether the structural analysis of selected brain regions, including volumes and their spatial relationships obtained from regular T1-weighted MRI scans ( = 168, PPMI database), can model stages of PD using standard machine learning (ML) techniques. Thus, diverse ML models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Classifier, and Rough Sets, were trained and evaluated.
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December 2024
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Mobility tasks like the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), cognitive TUG (cogTUG), and walking with turns provide insights into the impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on motor control, balance, and cognitive function. We assess the test-retest reliability of these tasks in 262 PD participants and 50 controls by evaluating machine learning models based on wearable-sensor-derived measures and statistical metrics. This evaluation examines total duration, subtask duration, and other quantitative measures across two trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Linn ( L.), commonly known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a fragrant herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This plant is widely cultivated and found in north-central parts of India, several Arab countries, West Africa and tropical regions of the Eastern World.
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