Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Lactones to Lactams Mediated by 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene: Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones.

J Org Chem

Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States.

Published: December 2017

We present an operationally simple lactone-to-lactam transformation utilizing diverse amine nucleophiles. The key steps of amidation, alcohol activation, and cyclization are all mediated by one reagent (TBD) in a single vessel at room temperature. We illustrate the convenience of this protocol by synthesizing a wide range of N-alkyl, N-aryl, and N-hetereoaryl pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones, an important class of medicinally significant lactams. Furthermore, the reported methodology can be applied to the synthesis of milligram to hundred gram quantities of pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones without the use of specialized equipment.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b02079DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

protocol direct
4
direct conversion
4
conversion lactones
4
lactones lactams
4
lactams mediated
4
mediated 157-triazabicyclo[440]dec-5-ene
4
157-triazabicyclo[440]dec-5-ene synthesis
4
synthesis pyridopyrazine-16-diones
4
pyridopyrazine-16-diones operationally
4
operationally simple
4

Similar Publications

miR-208a-3p discriminates osteoporosis, predicts fracture, and regulates osteoclast activation through targeting STC1.

J Orthop Surg Res

January 2025

Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) frequently occurs in post-menopausal women, increasing the risk of fracture. Early screening OP could improve the prevention of fractures.This study focused on the significance of miR-208a-3p in diagnosing OP and development regulation, aiming to explore a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for OP.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Low rates of adolescent and young adult (YA; aged 15-39 y) clinical trial enrollment (CTE), particularly among underserved groups, have resulted in a lack of standardized cancer treatments and follow-up guidelines for this group that may limit improvement in cancer treatments and survival outcomes for YAs.

Objective: To understand and address unique barriers to CTE, we conducted focus groups to learn about informational, financial, and psychosocial needs of YAs surrounding CTE and identify strategies to address these barriers.

Methods: We conducted 5 focus groups in 2023 among a diverse sample of YA patients from across the United States.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Optimization of Immunotherapy-Based Combinations for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol

January 2025

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Despite numerous meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy-based combination therapies, the optimal therapeutic combinations remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the optimal application of all immunotherapy-based combination therapy for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma, focusing on efficacy and safety.

Methods: We systemically searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for studies regarding the first-line immunotherapy-based combination therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma until April 15, 2024.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework maps the sequence of events leading to adverse outcomes from chemical exposures, providing a mechanistic understanding often absent in traditional methods. The quantitative AOP (qAOP) advances AOP by integrating quantitative data and mathematical modeling, thereby providing a more precise comprehension of relationships between molecular initiating events, key events, and adverse outcomes. This review critically examines three primary methodologies: systems toxicology, regression modeling, and Bayesian network modeling, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and specific data requirements within toxicology.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Direct printed aligners (DPAs) offer benefits like the ability to vary layer thickness within a single DPA and to 3D print custom-made removable orthodontic appliances. The biocompatibility of appliances made from Tera Harz TA-28 (Graphy Inc., Seoul, South Korea) depends on strict adherence to a standardized production and post-production protocol, including UV curing.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!