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A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Current mechanisms that explain drought-induced tree mortality, like hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, remain unresolved and past studies lack standardized analysis across different species.
  • * Evidence shows that hydraulic failure consistently leads to mortality in trees, with a 60% or higher loss of xylem conductivity, supporting the idea that focusing on hydraulic thresholds can enhance vegetation modeling.

Article Abstract

Widespread tree mortality associated with drought has been observed on all forested continents and global change is expected to exacerbate vegetation vulnerability. Forest mortality has implications for future biosphere-atmosphere interactions of carbon, water and energy balance, and is poorly represented in dynamic vegetation models. Reducing uncertainty requires improved mortality projections founded on robust physiological processes. However, the proposed mechanisms of drought-induced mortality, including hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, are unresolved. A growing number of empirical studies have investigated these mechanisms, but data have not been consistently analysed across species and biomes using a standardized physiological framework. Here, we show that xylem hydraulic failure was ubiquitous across multiple tree taxa at drought-induced mortality. All species assessed had 60% or higher loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity, consistent with proposed theoretical and modelled survival thresholds. We found diverse responses in non-structural carbohydrate reserves at mortality, indicating that evidence supporting carbon starvation was not universal. Reduced non-structural carbohydrates were more common for gymnosperms than angiosperms, associated with xylem hydraulic vulnerability, and may have a role in reducing hydraulic function. Our finding that hydraulic failure at drought-induced mortality was persistent across species indicates that substantial improvement in vegetation modelling can be achieved using thresholds in hydraulic function.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0248-xDOI Listing

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