Understanding the origin of unintentional doping in GaO is key to increasing breakdown voltages of GaO based power devices. Therefore, transport and capacitance spectroscopy studies have been performed to better understand the origin of unintentional doping in GaO. Previously unobserved unintentional donors in commercially available [Formula: see text] GaO substrates have been electrically characterized via temperature dependent Hall effect measurements up to 1000 K and found to have a donor energy of 110 meV. The existence of the unintentional donor is confirmed by temperature dependent admittance spectroscopy, with an activation energy of 131 meV determined via that technique, in agreement with Hall effect measurements. With the concentration of this donor determined to be in the mid to high 10 cm range, elimination of this donor from the drift layer of GaO power electronics devices will be key to pushing the limits of device performance. Indeed, analytical assessment of the specific on-resistance (R) and breakdown voltage of Schottky diodes containing the 110 meV donor indicates that incomplete ionization increases R and decreases breakdown voltage as compared to GaO Schottky diodes containing only the shallow donor. The reduced performance due to incomplete ionization occurs in addition to the usual tradeoff between R and breakdown voltage.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13656-x | DOI Listing |
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National Center for Toxicological Research (FDA), Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR, United States.
Introduction: In 2015, the FDA released a Drug Safety Communication regarding a possible link between opioid exposure during early pregnancy and an increased risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). At the time, the indications for opioid use during pregnancy were not changed due to incomplete maternal toxicity data and limitations in human and animal studies. To assess these knowledge gaps, largescale animal studies are ongoing; however, state-of-the-art technologies have emerged as promising tools to assess otherwise non-standard endpoints.
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Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, India.
Introduction: species other than are being continuously reported as pathogens.
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Crit Rev Anal Chem
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Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Quantitative analysis of peptides in biological fluids offers a high diagnostic and prognostic tool to reflect the pathophysiological condition of the patient. Recently, methods based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the quantitative determination of intact peptides have been replacing traditionally used ligand-binding assays, which suffer from cross-reactivity issues. The use of "top-down" analysis of peptides is rapidly increasing since it does not undergo incomplete or non-reproducible digestion like "bottom-up" approaches.
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Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Rationale: Flavonoid C-glycosides have a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, there are few mass spectrometric research on C,O-disaccharide flavonoid C-glycosides and di-C,O-saccharide flavonoid C-glycosides. Their low-energy collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID-MS/MS) fragmentation pattern and differences have not been reported, and the fragment ion library is incomplete.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
November 2024
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.
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