AI Article Synopsis
- Infants are at the highest risk for severe illness and death from pertussis, and maternal vaccination during pregnancy can help protect them in wealthier countries, but data is lacking for low-income regions like South Asia.
- This study aimed to assess the levels of maternal antibodies against pertussis and how effectively these antibodies are transferred to infants in rural southern Nepal, using paired blood samples from a larger trial on influenza vaccination.
- Findings showed that while few mothers had detectable antibodies from recent infection, the transfer of antibodies from mother to infant was generally efficient, although no significant links were found between demographic factors and antibody levels.
Article Abstract
Background: Infants are at greatest risk for pertussis morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy has been shown to prevent pertussis in young infants in high- and middle-income countries. However, data on the levels of maternal pertussis antibodies and the efficiency of transplacental transfer in low-income South Asian settings are limited.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of maternal pertussis antibodies and the efficiency of transplacental transfer in rural southern Nepal.
Design/methods: Paired maternal-infant blood samples were collected from a subsample of participants in a randomized, controlled trial of maternal influenza immunization (n=291 pairs). Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae. Maternal and infant pertussis antibody levels and transplacental transfer efficiency were determined and potential factors associated with both were assessed.
Results: Elevated maternal antibodies to pertussis toxin, suggesting recent pertussis infection, were rarely detected (4%, tested n=305). However, paired maternal-cord sera were highly correlated across all antibodies; transplacental antibody transfer ratios for pertussis toxin were 1.14 (n=291, 95% CI 1.07-1.20); filamentous hemagglutinin 1.10 (n=120, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20); fimbriae 2/3 1.05 (n=120, 95% CI: 0.96-1.15) and pertactin 0.96 (n=289, 95% CI: 0.91-1.00). Older gestational age was associated with increased pertussis toxin and decreased fimbriae 2/3 antibody transport.
Conclusions: A low prevalence of maternal antibody to all four pertussis antigens was noted in Nepal, but transplacental antibody transfer was efficient. No consistent demographic factors were associated with elevated maternal antibody levels or efficiency of transplacental transfer. If an increase in infant pertussis disease burden was detected in this population, maternal immunization could be an effective intervention to prevent disease in early infancy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5714611 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.074 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Tracing Zinc's Role in Preterm Infants' Health: A Narrative Review.
Adv Nutr
December 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Zinc (Zn) is a trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including enzyme function, gene transcription, and cell signaling. Its importance is especially pronounced in preterm infants, who are at high risk of Zn deficiency due to disrupted transplacental transfer, high nutrient demands, and medical complications. The inherent risk of Zn deficiency in this population is further increased by poor Zn dietary intake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of HIV and Malaria in Pregnancy on Pertussis-specific Antibodies and Transplacental Antibody Transfer: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study in Mozambican Pregnant Women and Their Infants.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
December 2024
From the Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
Article Synopsis
- Maternal HIV and malaria infections during pregnancy can negatively impact the transfer of pertussis immunity from mothers to their infants.
- A study in Mozambique, involving 270 mother-infant pairs, found that mothers with HIV had significantly lower placental transfer of pertussis-specific antibodies compared to those without HIV.
- The findings suggest that addressing maternal HIV through healthcare interventions and immunization could help protect infants from pertussis.
Transplacental Transport Rates of Anti-pertussis Toxin-IgG and Anti-filamentous Hemagglutinin-IgG Antibodies in Newborns by Week of Birth.
Am J Perinatol
November 2024
Department of Obstetrics, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Training, and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the lack of knowledge about the transplacental transport of antibodies in unvaccinated term and preterm infants and possible differences in antibody-mediated immunity in the fetus depending on maternal vaccination in their own infancy.
Study Design: The study was conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018 and included a total of 334 participants. The study included 194 pregnant women with a preterm birth (before 37 weeks) and 140 pregnant women with a term birth.
Infectivity and Immunogenicity of Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Children.
Open Forum Infect Dis
December 2024
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness among young children. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children experience a higher burden of RSV disease and have immune abnormalities that may influence their responses to live-attenuated RSV vaccines.
Methods: In a pooled analysis of clinical trials of 7 live-attenuated, intranasal RSV vaccines conducted by the IMPAACT Network among children 6 to <25 months of age with serum RSV-neutralizing titers of <1:40, the infectivity and immunogenicity of these vaccines were compared among HEU and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children.
Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Among HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Pediatric Populations in South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
There is limited evidence comparing hepatitis A seroprevalence among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), HIV-infected (HIV), and unexposed uninfected (HUU) children. This compromises rational vaccine decision-making. This study comprised a retrospective health facility-based population of children aged 1 month-12 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!