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Background: Our main purpose was to evaluate the expression of plastic and evolved genes involved in ecological speciation in the noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm (FAW); and to demonstrate how host plants might influence lineage differentiation in this polyphagous insect. FAW is an important pest of several crops worldwide, and it is differentiated into host plant-related strains, corn (CS) and rice strains (RS). RNA-Seq and transcriptome characterization were applied to evaluate unbiased genetic expression differences in larvae from the two strains, fed on primary (corn) and alternative (rice) host plants. We consider that genes that are differently regulated by the same FAW strain, as a response to different hosts, are "plastic". Otherwise, differences in gene expression between the two strains fed on the same host are considered constitutive differences.
Results: Individual performance parameters (larval and pupal weight) varied among conditions (strains vs. hosts). A total of 3657 contigs was related to plastic response, and 2395 contigs were differentially regulated in the two strains feeding on preferential and alternative hosts (constitutive contigs). Three molecular functions were present in all comparisons, both down- and up-regulated: oxidoreductase activity, metal-ion binding, and hydrolase activity.
Conclusions: Metabolization of foreign chemicals is among the key functions involved in the phenotypic variation of FAW strains. From an agricultural perspective, high plasticity in families of detoxifying genes indicates the capacity for a rapid response to control compounds such as insecticides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4170-z | DOI Listing |
AbstractTrait evolution depends both on the direct fitness effects of specific traits and on indirect selection arising from genetically correlated traits. Although well established in plants and animals, the role of trait correlations in microbial evolution remains a major open question. Here, we tested whether genetic correlations in a suite of metabolic traits are conserved between two sister lineages of fungal endophytes and whether phenotypic divergence between lineages occurred in the direction of the multivariate trait combination containing the most genetic variance within lineages (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
December 2024
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) is the sole cytoplasmic rhabdovirus documented in naturally infected rice plants. It encodes P6, which induces delayed heading and reduces yield in infected rice plants. P6 of RSMV interacts with OsHAPL1, facilitating the interaction between OsHAPL1 and DTH8, resulting in delayed rice heading under long day conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Insect Sci
December 2024
Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
The horizontal transmission of endosymbionts between hosts and parasitoids plays a crucial role in biological control, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the dynamics of horizontal transfer of (Ccep) from the rice moth, , to its parasitoid, . Through PCR detection and phylogenetic analysis, we demonstrated the presence of identical Ccep strains in both host and parasitoid populations, providing evidence for natural horizontal transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Evol
December 2024
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
Different theoretical frameworks have been invoked to guide the study of virus evolution. Three of the more prominent ones are (i) the evolution of virulence, (ii) life history theory, and (iii) the generalism-specialism dichotomy. All involve purported tradeoffs between traits that define the evolvability and constraint of virus-associated phenotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Evol
December 2024
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, St Pierre, La Réunion F-97410, France.
Now that it has been realized that viruses are ubiquitous, questions have been raised on factors influencing their diversity and distribution. For phytoviruses, understanding the interplay between plant diversity and virus species richness and prevalence remains cardinal. As both the amplification and the dilution of viral species richness due to increasing host diversity have been theorized and observed, a deeper understanding of how plants and viruses interact in natural environments is needed to explore how host availability conditions viral diversity and distributions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!