Epidemiological profile and treatment of substance losses by trauma to the lower limbs.

Objectives: to evaluate the epidemiological profile, the surgical treatment and the postoperative results of patients with complex traumatic injuries to the lower limbs.

Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients with traumatic complex injuries treated by the Plastic Surgery Service of a regional hospital in Brasília. We analyzed clinical-epidemiological data, type of surgical procedure and functional recovery of the limb after six months of treatment.

Results: 119 patients were treated, with a mean age of 29 years, predominantly men (76.4%). Motorcycle accident was responsible for most of the injuries, in 37.8% of cases. The most frequent surgical treatment was skin grafting (62.1%), followed by the fasciocutaneous flap (21.9%), muscular flap (12.6%) and microsurgical flap (3.4%). Six months after completion of the surgical treatment, 35.3% of the patients needed crutches to move, characterizing a delay in limb functional recovery that, however, was significantly related to the presence of fractures, external fixation or bone exposure in the preoperative period.

Conclusion: the profile of the patient with complex traumatic lower limb injury was a male, motorcycle accident victim, and grafting was the most used treatment. Orthopedic trauma with bone fracture, bone exposure and the presence of external fixator were significantly associated with a higher risk of limb functional impairment, requiring locomotion crutches after six months of treatment.