Zaluzanin C (ZC) is a sesquiterpene lactones used in herbal medicines. This study examined the effects of ZC on osteoblast differentiation. ZC-induced mRNA expressions levels of osteogenic genes in C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by RT-PCR and qPCR. ZC regulated the expression of key osteogenic genes in the early stage of differentiation, including distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In addition, ZC increased Runx2 promoter activity, as assessed via a luciferase assay, and Runx2 protein level. These results suggest that ZC may enhance osteoblast differentiation by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes, especially early stage like as Dlx5, Id1 and Runx2.
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