Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Published: February 2018
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Probiotics have been explored to stimulate gut health in weaned pigs, when they started to consume solid diet where mycotoxins could be present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 on the intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON) in an ex vivo model. Jejunal explants, obtained from 5-week-old crossbred castrated male piglets, were kept as control, exposed for 3 h to 10 μM DON, incubated for 4 h with 10 CFU/mL L. rhamnosus, or pre-incubated 1 h with 10 L. rhamnosus and exposed to DON. Histological lesions were observed, para- and transcellular intestinal permeability was measured in Ussing chambers. The expression levels of mRNA encoding six inflammatory cytokines (CCL20, IL-10, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-22) were determined by RT-PCR. The expressions of the phosphorylated MAP kinases p42/p44 and p38 were assessed by immunoblotting. Exposure to DON induced histological changes, significantly increased the expression of CCL20, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, IL-22 and IL-10, increased the intestinal paracellular permeability and activated MAP kinases. Incubation with L. rhamnosus alone did not have any significant effect. By contrast, the pre-incubation with L. rhamnosus reduced all the effects of DON: the histological alterations, the pro-inflammatory response, the paracellular permeability and the phosphorylation of MAP kinases. Of note, L. rhamnosus did not adsorb DON and only slightly degrade the toxin. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus RC007 is a promising probiotic which, included as feed additive, can decrease the intestinal toxicity of DON.
Emerging cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) may have commercial impacts in multiple sectors, being their application particularly explored in the food sector. Thus, their potential adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract should be evaluated before marketing. This work aimed to assess the safety of two CNMs (CNF-TEMPO and CMF-ENZ) through the investigation of their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus assays), and capacity to induce reactive oxygen species in human intestinal cells, and their mutagenic effect using the Hprt gene mutation assay.
Background: Chemotherapy is crucial in the management of tumors, but challenges such as chemoresistance and adverse reactions frequently lead to therapeutic delays or even premature cessation. A growing body of research underscores a profound connection between the gut microbiota (GM) and cancer chemotherapy (CC). This paper aims to pinpoint highly influential publications and monitor the current landscape and evolving trends within the realm of GM/CC research.
Obesity leads to a variety of health risks, and lead, which is ranked second in Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's priority list of harmful substances, may be more harmful to individuals that are obese. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet with or without exposure to 1 g/L lead exposure in drinking water for 8 consecutive weeks. Serum and hepatic biochemistry analysis, histopathological observation, and RT-qPCR were used to explore the potential mechanism of liver damage in obese individuals after Pb exposure, and fecal microbiota transplantation was performed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of fatty liver disease.
Objective: Study of 2.6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol (2.6-di(P-2-yl)F) distribution nature in warm-blooded in case of fatal poisoning due to intragastric administration of the substance.
Sewage sludge applications as soil amendment call for a proper ecological risk assessment due to unexpected delivery of toxic chemicals and materials. Standardized acute toxicity assays have proven to provide limited information in terms of potential hazard for soil organisms. Here, sublethal endpoints as physiological and tissue alterations were proposed as suitable tools for sewage sludge ecological risk assessment.
