Serum levels of maternal lipids rise physiologically in normal pregnancy, and women with underlying hypertriglyceridemia may experience dramatic elevations which place them at risk for pancreatitis. We describe the case of a woman with severe familial hypertriglyceridemia and prior pancreatitis who discontinued her lipid-lowering therapy early in pregnancy. She promptly developed severe abdominal pain and was hospitalized with acute pancreatitis during the late first trimester. Despite aggressive medical treatment and critical care monitoring, she developed abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) with associated acute renal failure, which progressed to cardiorespiratory failure and was ultimately fatal. ACS is an alarming complication of acute pancreatitis that has been poorly studied in pregnancy.
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