AI Article Synopsis
- The gallbladder and bile ducts are primarily evaluated using conventional gray-scale ultrasound, but contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is utilized when conventional methods are inconclusive.
- CEUS is user-friendly, can be safely performed on patients with kidney issues, and involves reviewing its physics, techniques, and indications.
- Indications for CEUS include identifying normal gallbladder variations, distinguishing between different types of lesions, and investigating tumors or abnormalities in both the gallbladder and biliary tree.
Article Abstract
The gallbladder and bile ducts are usually assessed initially with conventional gray-scale ultrasound (US). Contrast enhanced US (CEUS) is used when a diagnosis cannot be reached with conventional US. CEUS is easy to learn and perform. US contrast agents can be safely administered in patients with renal function impairment. In this pictorial essay the physics, examination technique and indications of CEUS for examining the gallbladder and bile ducts are reviewed. Gallbladder indications include elucidating normal variants, differentiating sludge from neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant pathology, infection, wall rupture and hemobilia. In the biliary tree CEUS is used for studying benign and malignant tumors, including metastases and cholangiocarcinoma, as well as intrabiliary injection.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22537 | DOI Listing |
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