Today surgical procedures for pulmonary tuberculosis are highly selective but owing to the increasing incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis has been becoming more and more relevant. Besides the treatment of tuberculosis foci in multidrug resistance tuberculosis to eliminate the source of relapse, complications as sequelae of tuberculosis are among the most frequent indications for surgery. In patients with cavernous lesions, destroyed lobe or lung, bronchiectasis, pleural empyema or hemoptysis thoracic surgical procedures may be warranted. However, in solitary pulmonary nodules operations with diagnostic purpose are necessary, not only to rule out a potential malignancy, but also to identify a so far unidentified tuberculoma. Considering the heterogenous group of patients with tuberculosis, surgical morbidity and mortality are in the known range for surgical resections in lung cancer patients.
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