Background: Throughout Asia, smoking is commonplace at crowded public beaches. Evidence has clearly shown the dangers of secondhand smoke (SHS) indoors, but no naturalistic studies have determined levels of SHS in outdoor air.
Methods: We measured SHS exposure at two public beaches in Thailand where families lounge in beach chairs under beach umbrellas. Researchers unobtrusively collected PM2.5 in close proximity to smokers by placing instruments downwind from smokers. We collected 88 samples of second-by-second measurements over 10-min periods. The density of people, smokers and children in each sampling area was also recorded.
Results: At the two beaches, mean levels were 260 and 504 µg/m3; peak levels reaching up to 716 and 1335 µg/m3. Five of the 88 samples were below the outdoor standard for Thailand of 50 µg/m3. Density counts in sampled zones were up to 4 smokers and 15 children under 12 years of age. Findings show high beach exposures suggesting regulatory protections, especially for children whose exposures can produce multiple health consequences.
Conclusions: Action should be taken to prohibit smoking on Thai beaches as in other outdoor settings because peak levels of PM2.5 almost always exceeded the outdoor standard in Thailand and pose a danger to health.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx112 | DOI Listing |
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
January 2025
University of California, Davis; MIND Institute.
Objective: This study tests the effectiveness of leader and provider-level implementation strategies to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in two of the service systems caring for autistic children. The TEAMS Leadership Institute (TLI) targets implementation leadership and climate, and TEAMS Individualized Provider Strategy (TIPS) targets provider motivation and engagement.
Method: A cluster randomized hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial tested the effects of the implementations strategies when paired with AIM HI (An Individualized Mental Health Intervention for Autism) in mental health programs (Study 1) and CPRT (Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching) in classrooms (Study 2).
J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv
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Philips Healthcare, San Diego, California.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis
January 2025
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is important for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving overall health. Activity Quotient (AQ) is a novel metric that translates heart rate during PA into a weekly score, providing an objective measure of an individual's PA. We prospectively examined the association of AQ with cancer and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality outcomes, the two major causes of death, in a Taiwanese population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Surg
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal.
Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the gold-standard surgical treatment for cranial nerve compression disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). This review synthesizes historical milestones, recent advances, and evolving techniques in MVD, with a primary focus on these conditions.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, BioMed Central, Scopus, and ScienceDirect.
Clin Infect Dis
January 2025
Veteran Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects >1% of the U.S. population, higher among U.
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