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Communicating scientific evidence: drugs for Alzheimer's disease as a case study.
Curr Med Res Opin
January 2025
Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
This paper reviews the scientific evidence on new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for treating Alzheimer's disease as a case study for improving scientific evidence communication. We introduce five guidelines condensed from the biomedical evidence literature but adapted to the short format of science communication in e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreventing confounding in observational studies in orthopedic trauma surgery through expert panels: a systematic review.
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg
January 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
Purpose: Confounding in observational studies can be mitigated by selecting only those patients, in whom equipoise of both treatments is secured by experts' disagreement over optimal therapy.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify observational studies in the field of orthopedic trauma surgery that utilized expert panels for patient inclusion in order to limit the potential for confounding.
Results: Four studies were identified that used expert panels to select participants based on expert disagreement.
Evaluation of adherence to the Preferred Reporting of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) 2020 guideline in case series describing endovascular management of vein of Galen malformation demonstrates suboptimal reporting practices.
J Clin Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Background: Interventional neuroradiology is a dynamic field with technological advancements constantly driving evolution in clinical practice. Case series provide interventional neuroradiologists the opportunity to describe the clinical implications of novel equipment and techniques almost in real-time, informing broader adoption and directing future research. Complete reporting in case series is vital in enabling readers to detect bias, determine the generalizability of results and replicate study methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy and safety of anticoagulants on venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.
Background: Anticoagulants are the primary means for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but their clinical standardized application still remains controversial. The present study intends to comprehensively compare the efficacy and safety of various anticoagulants in VTE.
Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from their inception up to August 2023 were searched to compare the efficacy and safety of various anticoagulants in VTE.
Concept-formation and deep disagreements in theoretical and practical reasoning.
Synthese
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK.
This paper explores the idea that deep disagreements essentially involve disputes about what counts as good reasoning, whether it is theoretical or practical reasoning. My central claim is that deep disagreements involve radically different paradigms of some principle or notion that is constitutively basic to reasoning-I refer to these as "basic concepts". To defend this claim, I show how we can understand deep disagreements by accepting the indeterminacy of concept-formation: concepts are not set in stone but are responsive to human needs, and differences in individuating and ordering concepts lead to clashes in paradigms of reasoning.
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