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Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) is one of the best model systems for studying the role of boundaries (insulators) in gene regulation. Expression of three homeotic genes, Ubx, abd-A, and Abd-B, is orchestrated by nine parasegment-specific regulatory domains. These domains are flanked by boundary elements, which function to block crosstalk between adjacent domains, ensuring that they can act autonomously.

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The role of Ultrabithorax in the patterning of adult thoracic muscles in Drosophila melanogaster.

Dev Genes Evol

February 2001

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, W121 Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY 14583-2702, USA.

Mutations in the homeotic gene, Ultrabithorax (Ubx), result in the transformation of the third thoracic (T3) segment into the second thoracic (T2) segment. Although it has been well established that these mutations have striking effects on adult epidermal structures in T3, the effect of these mutations on the adult musculature has been controversial. In this study, a series of Ubx regulatory mutations, anterobithorax, bithorax, postbithorax, and bithoraxoid, as well as combinations of these alleles were used to reevaluate the role of Ubx in the patterning of the T3 musculature.

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Background: In Drosophila, segment-specific muscle pattern is thought to be determined by the autonomous function of homeotic selector genes in the mesoderm in combination with inductive cues from the developing epidermis and nervous system. Here, we have examined the roles of homeotic genes in the patterning of the somatic muscles of the thoracic segments of Drosophila.

Results: We determined the expression patterns of homeoproteins in the mesoderm of the thoracic segments during embryonic and adult development.

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Development is buffered against unpredictable environmental and genetic effects. Here, a molecular genetic analysis of one type of developmental homeostasis, the establishment of thoracic segmental identity under the control of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene in Drosophila melanogaster, is presented. Flies were artificially selected for differential sensitivity to the induction of bithorax phenocopies by ether vapor.

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Each of the homeotic genes of the HOM or HOX complexes is expressed in a limited domain along the anterior-posterior axis. Each homeotic protein directs the formation of characteristic structures, such as wings or ribs. In flies, when a heat shock-inducible homeotic gene is used to produce a homeotic protein in all cells of the embryo, only some cells respond by altering their fates.

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