This research investigated the removal of lead (Pb) by a novel biochar derived from palm oil sludge (POS-char) by slow pyrolysis. Multistage optimizations with central composite design were carried out to firstly optimize pyrolysis parameters to produce the best POS-char for Pb removal and secondly to optimize adsorption conditions for the highest removal of Pb. The optimum pyrolysis parameters were nitrogen flowrateof30mLmin, heating rateof10°Cmin, temperatureof500°C and timeof30min. The optimum Pb adsorption conditions were concentrationof200mgL, timeof60min, dosageof0.3g and pH of 3.02. The various functional groups within POS-char played a vital role in Pb uptake. Regeneration was demonstrated to be feasible using hydrochloric acid. Adsorption equilibrium was best described by Freundlich model. At low concentration range, adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-first-order model, but at high concentration range, it followed pseudo-second-order model. Overall, the results highlighted that POS-char is an effective adsorbent for Pb removal.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.175 | DOI Listing |
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