Tumor immunology viewed from alternative animal models-the story.

A Purpose Of Review: Nonmammalian comparative animal models are important not only to gain fundamental evolutionary understanding of the complex interactions of tumors with the immune system, but also to better predict the applicability of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to humans. After reviewing recent advances in developing alternative models, we focus on the amphibian and its usefulness in deciphering the perplexing roles of MHC class I-like molecules and innate (i)T cells in tumor immunity.

B Recent Findings: Experiments using MHC-defined inbred and cloned animals, tumor cell lines, effective reagents, sequenced genomes, and adapted gene editing techniques in , have revealed that the critical involvement of class I-like molecules and iT cells in tumor immunity has been conserved during evolution.

C Summary: Comparative studies with the tumor immunity model can contribute to the development of better and more efficient cancer immunotherapies.