Endotracheal intubation: ultrasound-guided versus fiberscope in patients with cervical spine immobilization.

Background: Ultrasound has growing applications in airway management during anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of real-time ultrasound-guided tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization relative to fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation.

Patients And Methods: This randomized controlled study was carried out on 266 adult patients who have a rigid neck collar in place for cervical spine immobilization and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. All patients were subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. After full neuromuscular blockade, neck collar was removed and tracheal intubation was done in the neutral position. In group A, the trachea was intubated guided by a 5-12-MHz linear ultrasound probe attached to a Sonoscape A5 ultrasound machine. In group B, the trachea was intubated by an endotracheal tube mounted over a fiberscope (Karl Storz, working length 65 cm, distal tip diameter 5.6 mm). Hemodynamic measurements and oxygen saturation were recorded. Tracheal intubation criteria for both groups including duration of the intubation procedure, number of intubation attempts, success rate at each attempt, and the lowest oxygen saturation recorded during tracheal intubation were recorded.

Results: Ultrasound and fiberscope achieved comparable time for tracheal intubation (57 ± 12 vs. 55 ± 10 s), respectively. Success rate of tracheal intubation at the first attempt was higher in the fiberscope group than the ultrasound group, with a P value of 0.032. The overall success rate was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided tracheal intubation showed a lower first attempt success rate in patients with cervical spine immobilization compared to fiberscope-guided tracheal intubation but the overall success rates were comparable. Ultrasound can be an alternative technique for guiding tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization.

Registry Number: PACTR201602001476292.