Resection of the Tracheobronchial Bifurcation With Complete Preservation of Lung Parenchyma.

Background: The resection of the tracheobronchial bifurcation with complete preservation of lung parenchyma remains a challenge owing to the limited indications for surgery, anesthesiologic management, operative technique, and postoperative course. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate factors influencing the perioperative course and long-term survival.

Methods: Between 1989 and 2014, 19 patients underwent a resection of the distal trachea and carina with complete preservation of lung tissue, 16 for malignant tumors (7 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 carcinoid tumors, 3 mucoepidermoid tumors, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 small cell carcinomas), 2 for inflammatory stenosis, and 1 after a complex traumatic rupture.

Results: Surgical approach was posterolateral thoracotomy in 17 patients and median sternotomy in 2. In 16 patients, end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and in 3 patients, combined end-to-end and side-to-end anastomosis were performed. The operative mortality was 0%, the perioperative complication rate was 26.3%. Six patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and all patients with lung carcinoma received adjuvant radiotherapy; only 1 patient with small cell lung cancer had chemotherapy before surgery. Long-term results are excellent in patients with benign disease, typical and atypical carcinoid tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and in most patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Two patients with lung cancer died 28 and 45 months after surgery, and 1 patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma died 75 months after surgery.

Conclusions: Resection of the tracheobronchial bifurcation with complete preservation of lung indicated for selected patients with local tumor growth at the distal trachea and carina provides low perioperative mortality and complications and results in long-term survival rates.