The Effect of Three Different Biomaterials on Proliferation and Viability of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (In-vitro Study).

Background: Biomaterial cytotoxicity on dental stem cells plays a critical role in managing the regeneration of dental tissue.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Nano-hydroxy apatite (NHA), Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) on the proliferation, and viability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) isolated from third molar teeth.

Methods: Cultured DPSCs were characterized and the tested biomaterials were shaped into cylinders then inserted directly on the DPSCs. Proliferation and viability percentage of DPSCs were evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days of culture.

Results: The biomaterials supplemented DPSCs showed a significant initial decrease in cell count and viability percentage at day one. Then, a rise in cell counts and viabilities was noticed after that. There was a decrease in cell counts, and viabilities in the NHA supplemented cells in comparison to other tested biomaterials.

Conclusions: All tested biomaterials maintain the proliferation of DPSCs for different durations. NHA showed less proliferative and more cytotoxic effect than other tested materials.