Our understanding of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ has been transformed over the last 20 years. During this time, a number of adipocyte-derived factors or adipokines have been identified. This article will review evidence for how adipokines acting via the central nervous system (CNS) regulate normal physiology and disease pathology. The reported CNS-mediated effects of adipokines are varied and include the regulation of energy homeostasis, autonomic nervous system activity, the reproductive axis, neurodevelopment, cardiovascular function, and cognition. Due to the wealth of information available and the diversity of their known functions, the archetypal adipokines leptin and adiponectin will be focused on extensively. Other adipokines with established CNS actions will also be discussed. Due to the difficulties associated with studying CNS function on a molecular level in humans, the majority of our knowledge, and as such the studies described in this paper, comes from work in experimental animal models; however, where possible the relevant data from human studies are also highlighted. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1359-1406, 2017.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c160045 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The signification of the principle of constancy in Freud's psychoanalysis.
Int J Psychoanal
December 2024
Independent Researcher.
This article examines the signification of the principle of constancy in Freud's pre-psychoanalytic drafts and papers and in . It is argued that Freud's principle differs from seemingly similar principles proposed by Breuer and Fechner, and that it constitutes an assumption about the maintaining of a constant amount of mobile biophysical energy whose purpose is to return to equilibrium, but, proceeding from the primary functions of discharge (principle of inertia) and accumulation (exigencies of life), to consolidate an asymmetry within the nervous system. This gives rise to a set of quasi-psychological dualisms: an energetic dualism between kinetic and tonic energy; a systemic dualism between impermeable and permeable neurons; and a processual dualism between courses of the excitation with and without the inhibiting influence of the ego.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAPP antisense oligonucleotides are effective in rescuing mitochondrial phenotypes in human iPSC-derived trisomy 21 astrocytes.
Alzheimers Dement
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Introduction: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have shown promise in reducing amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels in neurons, but their effects in astrocytes, key contributors to neurodegenerative diseases, remain unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy of APP ASOs in astrocytes derived from an individual with Down syndrome (DS), a population at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a healthy individual and an individual with DS were differentiated into astrocytes.
White Matter Injury in Central Nervous System Disorders.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China.
As the aging process accelerates and living conditions improve, central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become a major public health problem. Diseases of the CNS cause not only gray matter damage, which is primarily characterized by the loss of neurons, but also white matter damage. However, most previous studies have focused on grey matter injury (GMI), with fewer studies on white matter injury (WMI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging characteristics of brain microstructure and cerebral perfusion in Crohn's disease patients with anxiety: A prospective comparative study.
World J Gastroenterol
January 2025
Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
Background: Anxiety is a common comorbidity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Data on the imaging characteristics of brain microstructure and cerebral perfusion in CD with anxiety are limited.
Aim: To compare the imaging characteristics of brain microstructure and cerebral perfusion among CD patients with or without anxiety and healthy individuals.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury-induced cellular ecological shifts: Implications for neuroregeneration.
IBRO Neurosci Rep
June 2025
Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, No.81 Congtai Road, Congtai District, Handan City, Hebei Province 56004, China.
The peripheral nervous system is a complex ecological network, and its injury triggers a series of fine-grained intercellular regulations that play a crucial role in the repair process. The peripheral nervous system is a sophisticated ecological network, and its injury initiates a cascade of intricate intercellular regulatory processes that are instrumental in the repair process. Despite the advent of sophisticated microsurgical techniques, the repair of peripheral nerve injuries frequently proves inadequate, resulting in adverse effects on patients' quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!