AI Article Synopsis
- Researchers synthesized water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) using a PVP coating on NaYF:Er,Yb,Gd, which showed high upconversion efficiencies and varying Gd ion concentrations.
- The internalization and cytotoxicity of these UCNPs were tested on HeLa, HEK293, and astrocyte cell lines, revealing no cytotoxic effects even at high concentrations (up to 50 μg/ml).
- The study identified that UCNPs are primarily taken up by cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and are secreted via lysosomal exocytosis, demonstrating their co-localization in specific organelles within the cells for the first time.
Article Abstract
Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated NaYF:Er,Yb,Gd, with various concentrations of Gd ions and relatively high upconversion efficiencies, were synthesized. The internalization and cytotoxicity of the thus obtained UCNPs were evaluated in three cell lines (HeLa, HEK293 and astrocytes). No cytotoxicity was observed even at concentrations of UCNPs up to 50 μg ml. The fate of the UCNPs within the cells was studied by examining their upconversion emission spectra with confocal microscopy and confirming these observations with transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the cellular uptake of the UCNPs occurred primarily by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas they were secreted from the cells via lysosomal exocytosis. The results of this study, focused on the mechanisms of the cellular uptake, localization and secretion of UCNPs, demonstrate, for the first time, the co-localization of UCNPs within discrete cell organelles.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03705h | DOI Listing |
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