Importance: Amblyopia is the most common cause of visual impairment in childhood, with a prevalence of 1% to 4% in children in the United States. To date, no studies using noninvasive optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) have measured blood flow in the retinal capillary layers in children with amblyopia.
Objective: To evaluate the retinal and microvascular features using OCTA in children (<18 years) with amblyopia.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This observational case-control study enrolled patients from September 1, 2016, through May 31, 2017, and was conducted from September 1, 2016, through June 30, 2017, at the Stein Eye Institute at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles). Participants included 59 children (<18 years) with amblyopia and without amblyopia examined at a pediatric ophthalmology clinic or referred to the clinic by coinvestigators. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity, refraction, and ocular motility tests; anterior and posterior segment examination; and OCTA.
Main Outcomes And Measures: Reduced superficial and deep retinal capillary vessel density on OCTA.
Results: Of the 63 eyes evaluated, 13 (21%) were amblyopic and 50 (79%) were control eyes. Of the 59 patients, the mean (SD) age of patients with amblyopia was 8.0 (4.0) years and 10.3 (3.3) years for the controls; 33 patients (56%) were female; and 5 of 13 (39%) and 27 of 46 (54%) patients in the amblyopic and control groups, respectively, were identified as white. The macular vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus was lower in the amblyopic group than in the control group in both 3 × 3-mm and 6 × 6-mm scans. After adjusting for age and refractive error, the mean (SD) difference in the superficial capillary plexus in the 6 × 6-mm scan was statistically significant (49.3% [4.1] vs 51.2% [2.9]; P = .02). Macular vessel density of the deep capillary plexus in the 6 × 6-mm scans was also considerably different between groups: mean (SD) vessel density of the deep retinal capillary plexus was 54.4% (4.7%) in the amblyopia group and 60.1% (3.3%) in the control group, with a difference of 5.7% (95% CI, 3.4%-8.1%; P = .002).
Conclusions And Relevance: The study found that OCTA reveals subnormal superficial and deep retinal capillary density in the macula of patients with amblyopia. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of this finding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.3423 | DOI Listing |
Int Ophthalmol
January 2025
Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bereketzade Camii Sk. No:2 Beyoğlu, 34421, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of 4 mg (high dose) of aflibercept in treatment-naive patients with neovascular AMD(nAMD) with treat and extend(TREX) dosing regimens, and to determine the frequency of injections.
Methods: In this interventional, retrospective study a total of 15 eyes of 14 patients (eight female and 9 male) with nAMD were included. All patients were examined and OCT imaging was performed at the time of initial presentation, on the day of each injection and at subsequent follow-up visits.
Curr Eye Res
January 2025
University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Purpose: To assess the retinal and choroidal microvascular changes in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and to investigate the factors that may be effective on microvascularity.
Methods: This study included patients with BEB and healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive examination followed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron
January 2008
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Microendoscope is a critical technology to enable high-resolution imaging of internal luminal organs with optical coherence tomography. This paper reports the development of an achromatic compound microlens and a rapid scanning microendoscope based on the microlens that offers an ultrahigh transverse resolution of 4 m (and an axial resolution of 2.2 m when using a low-coherence light source with a broad spectrum bandwidth of 150 nm).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Photonics
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15218, United States.
We report the canonical properties of the Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons in the weak coupling regime, seen previously in many low-temperature experiments, at room temperature in a GaAs/AlGaAs structure. These effects include a nonlinear energy shift of the polaritons, showing that they are not noninteracting photons, and dramatic line narrowing due to coherence, giving coherent emission with a spectral width of 0.24 meV at room temperature with no external stabilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofilm
December 2024
Institute of Technical Microbiology, University of Technology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
In bioelectrochemical systems (BES), biofilm formation and architecture are of crucial importance, especially for flow-through applications. The interface between electroactive microorganisms and the electrode surface plays an important and often limiting role, as the available surface area influences current generation, especially for poor biofilm forming organisms. To overcome the limitation of the available electrode surface, nanoparticles (NPs) with a magnetic iron core and a conductive, hydrophobic carbon shell were used as building blocks to form conductive, magnetic micropillars on the anode surface.
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