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Association between maternal androgen levels and early fetal sex differentiation: Anogenital distance and genital tubercle length in the first trimester.
Early Hum Dev
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Purpose: To evaluate the use of anogenital distance (AGD) and genital tubercle length (GTL) between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation for fetal sex determination and to assess the impact of maternal androgen levels on these measurements.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2017 with patients undergoing first trimester Down syndrome screening. Inclusion criteria were: (1) female age 18-49, (2) gestational age between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks, (3) optimal visualization of AGD and GTL, and (4) nonsmoking status.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Pathophysiology of Hypertension.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm. 3042, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities in cardiometabolic diseases, affecting nearly one third of adults. As a result, its pathophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively and are focused around pressure natriuresis, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, hypertension secondary to other underlying etiologies also exists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Construction of Heterothallic Strains of Using the I-SceI Meganuclease.
Biomolecules
January 2025
National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia.
The methylotrophic yeast belongs to the group of homothallic fungi that are able to spontaneously change their mating type by inversion of chromosomal DNA in the MAT locus region. As a result, natural and genetically engineered cultures of these yeasts typically contain a mixture of sexually dimorphic cells that are prone to self-diploidisation and spore formation accompanied by genetic rearrangements. These characteristics pose a significant challenge to the development of genetically stable producers for industrial use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex Determination in Reptiles: A Review.
Animals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
Reptile biodiversity is rapidly declining, with over 11,733 recognized species across 1226 genera being documented, many of which are endangered. Captive breeding programs play a crucial role in conservation; however, effective management requires accurate sex determination, especially due to the fact that many reptile species exhibit minimal or no sexual dimorphism. When present, sexual dimorphism manifests as differences such as size, coloration, and morphological features influenced by evolutionary pressures and hormones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity-induced mesenteric PVAT remodelling is sexually dimorphic, but not driven by ovarian hormones : Short title: Obesity induces sex-specific responses in mesenteric PVAT.
Cardiovasc Diabetol
January 2025
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Background: Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is associated with hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a metabolically active tissue surrounding blood vessels, plays a key role in regulating vascular tone. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysregulated which may contribute to vascular dysfunction; how sex impacts the remodelling of PVAT and thus the altered vascular contractility during obesity is unclear.
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