The anti-inflammatory compound, alphitonin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), has previously been isolated in the leaves of Artokapus tonkinensis and synthesised from taxifolin. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of this compound on inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-10, in RAW264.7 macrophages and in an arthritis animal model. Compound 1 dose-dependently decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 increased. In a collagen antibody-induced arthritis BALB/c mouse model, compound 1 at a dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased arthritis incidence in comparison with dexamethasone.
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