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Fatal bilateral pneumothoraces following administration of aerosolised pentamidine.
J Forensic Leg Med
October 2011
Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, QLD 4108, Australia.
Aerosolised pentamidine (AP) is used for prophylaxis against infection with Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this article we report a 55 year old man with HIV and a background history of asthma since childhood, who suffered respiratory arrest and died within an hour of commencing AP prophylaxis. Autopsy revealed bilateral pneumothoraces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV: treating Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
BMJ Clin Evid
July 2008
Department of Infection and Travel Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
Introduction: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common AIDS-defining opportunistic illness in people with HIV infection, but its incidence has fallen with use of prophylactic treatment. Without treatment, PCP is likely to be fatal in people with AIDS, so placebo-controlled studies would be considered unethical.
Methods And Outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of first-line antipneumocystis treatments for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people infected with HIV? What are the effects of adjuvant corticosteroids in people receiving first-line antipneumocystis treatments for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people infected with HIV? What are the effects of treatments for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people infected with HIV who have not responded to first-line antipneumocystis treatment? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2008 (BMJ Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).
Pentamidine aerosols and environmental contamination: health-care workers at risk.
Pharm World Sci
August 1996
Hospital Pharmacy Midden-Brabant, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
In our hospital safety guidelines are available for the handling of pentamidine in the day-care department, but no safety ventilation cabin is used because only one patient a day has been treated, The number of patients to be treated, however, is growing, resulting in the need to treat more than one patient a day. To determine the environmental contamination and exposure of health-care workers during and after aerosolised pentamidine treatment of more than one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a day a high-performance liquid chromatographic method is used for the detection and quantification of pentamidine. High volume air samples were taken before, immediately after and the day after a treatment session of up to three patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBetter efficacy of twice-monthly than monthly aerosolised pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. An Italian multicentric randomised controlled trial. The Italian PCP Study Group.
J Infect
September 1995
Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy.
The aim of this multicentric randomised controlled trial was to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of once-monthly versus twice-monthly 300 mg aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). We randomised 205 patients with a previous confirmed episode of PCP (107 treated with 300 mg once-monthly AP, and 98 with 300 mg twice monthly AP); the median review period was 232 days. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's hazard regression model were used for analysis.
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